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Analysis of Body Sway and Nystagmus with Galvanic Stimulation in Normal Subjects
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Myung Taek Lee, Ho Seok Choi, Jin Kim, Seung Yeon Jang, Seung Chul Lee, Kyu Sung Kim
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J Korean Bal Soc. 2004;3(1):156-160.
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 Abstract
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- Background
and Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility of clinical application of
‘vestibular function test by electrical stimulation’ measuring nystagmus and body sway which are generated by electrical
stimulation.
Materials and Methods : Twelve normal subjects for measurement of nystagmus and eight for body sway
volunteered to participate as subjects of the experiment. We used continuous direct current from 1mA to 3mA, and
its polarity could be switched through the surface electrode on the bilateral mastoid process. Videooculogram was used
to measure the nystagmus. Lateral body sway was recorded by using Computerized Dynamic Posturography.
Results
: When stimulating the positive electrode over the right mastoid, left nystagmus and body sway toward right
are observed. When stimulating the negative electrode over the right mastoid, right nystagmus and body sway toward
left are observed. The nystagmus occurred 42% at 1mA, 75% at 1.5mA, 92% at 2mA, and 100% at more than 2.5mA.
The slow phase velocity of the nystagmus were increased from an average of 1.9 deg/sec at 1mA to an average of
3.6 deg/sec at 3mA. However, they were variable from minimum of 0.1 deg/sec to maximum of 4.8 deg/sec even
stimulated with fixed amount of current. Also, the asymmetry of the nystagmus on the each direction was observed
over 27% at the stimulation of 2.5mA and 3mA. The body sway was observed on the 7 subjects except one. Among
them, body sway occurred on stimulation of 1mA in 5 subjects.
Conclusions
: Evaluation of nystagmus with galvanic stimulation revealed high right-left asymmetry in normal
subjects and needed more electrical stimulation. Evaluation of body sway with galvanic stimulation is more feasible as
a vestibular function test, because it has higher manifestation rate, less asymmetry, and it need less electrical amplitude
which cause less discomfort to the subjects.
Key Words : Eye movements, Posture
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The Comparison of Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood and Migraine Related Vertigo in Children
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Yun Hoon Choung, Min Jung Cho, Ho Seok Choi, Seung Joo Lee, Jinseok Lee, Jeong Min Jeon, Sung Su Baik
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J Korean Bal Soc. 2003;2(2):191-197.
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Abstract
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- Background
and Objectives: Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood (BPVC) and migraine related vertigo (MRV) are most common causes of vertigo in children. Some authors suggested that BPVC may be an early manifestation of migraine. However there is few articles about relationship between BPVC and MRV. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics, audiological and vestibular findings, treatment and prognosis of BPVC and MRV and to provide the helpful information for relationship between BPVC and MRV.
Materials and Method: The twenty four children (less than 16 years old) with BPVC and 23 children with MRV, who visited the Dizziness Clinic in the Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea between January 2001 and August 2003 were selected for this study. These excluded the patients with abnormal eardrums/tympanograms or those that did not perform questionnaires, audiological, or vestibular evaluations. They were retrospectively analyzed for clinical symptoms, audiograms, vestibular functions, and treatment results.
Results
BPVC was frequently detected in younger children than MRV. Spinning sensation was frequently associated with BPVC. Aural symptoms, headache, photophobia, phonophobia, and visual symptoms were frequently associated with MRV. Abnormalities in vestibular function tests were 14 (58%) in BPVC and 15 (62%) in MRV. BPVC & MRV had good prognosis. But medication was sometimes more needed in MRV than in BPVC.
Conclusions
BPVC and MRV show some different features in the age of onset, clinical features, treatment and prognosis, but also have some features of MRV. Further studies are needed to find their relationship between them.
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KBS
