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Genetic Approach of Dizziness
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Jae Hwan Choi
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Res Vestib Sci. 2015;14(4):101-109.
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Abstract
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- Patients with recurrent vertigo/dizziness or unsteadiness are a heterogeneous
group of complex disorders affecting the peripheral and central vestibular system.
They represent a diagnostic challenge for the clinicians, and their genetic basis
is largely not known. However, there are some cerebellar and vestibular disorders
with a strong genetic background, such as episodic ataxia, spinocerebellar ataxia,
vestibular migraine, Meniere’s disease, and autosomal dominant nonsyndromic
deafness. Furthermore, recent advances in next generation sequencing technique
are increasing the number of novel genes associated with cerebellar and vestibular
disorders. In this article, we have summarized clinical and molecular genetics
findings in neuro-otology.
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Multiple Cerebral Infarction in Cogan’s Syndrome
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Jae Deuk Seo, Jae Hwan Choi, Kwang Dong Choi
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Res Vestib Sci. 2014;13(3):85-88.
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Abstract
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- Cogan’s syndrome is a rare chronic inflammatory disease Characterized by non-syphilitic keratitis and vestibuloauditory dysfunction. Although the precise pathogenesis of Cogan’s syndrome is unknown, it is thought to develop from vasculitis involving multiple organ system. It can be accompanied with various systemic diseases including arthritis, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and aortitis with insufficiency. We report a case of typical Cogan’s syndrome with multiple cerebral infarctions.
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Recurrent Vertigo in Vestibular Schwannoma Responsive to Oxcarbazepine
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Jae Hwan Choi, Min Ji Kim, Kwang Dong Choi, Dae Soo Jung
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Res Vestib Sci. 2013;12(2):58-61.
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Abstract
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- Vestibular schwannoma (VS) are benign neoplasms that arise from Schwann cells of the eighth cranial nerve. Although progressive unilateral hearing loss with dizziness or disequilibrium provides a high suspicion index of VS, vertigo is the symptom causing the most pronounced negative effect on quality of life in patients with VS. We report a 55-year-old woman with recurrent paroxysmal vertigo and hyperventilation-induced nystagmus due to VS, which improved by oxcarbazepine treatment. We suggest that episodic vertigo in VS may be ascribed to the ectopic paroxysmal neuronal discharge from the partially demyelinated vestibular nerve due to tumor compression.
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Isolated Body Lateropulsion as a Presenting Symptom of Lateral Medullary Infarction
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Jae Hwan Choi, Min Gyu Park, Kyung Pil Park, Kwang Dong Choi
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Res Vestib Sci. 2013;12(1):31-34.
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Abstract
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- Body lateropulsion is a common manifestation of lateral medullary infarction (LMI), and usually associated with vertigo, limb ataxia, sensory disturbance, and Horner’s syndrome. However, isolated body lateropulsion as a presenting symptom of LMI is rare, and the responsible lesion for lateropulsion remains uncertain. We report a 71-year-old woman who showed isolated body lateropulsion as a presenting symptom of LMI. Ipsilateral body lateropulsion in our patient may be ascribed to the involvement of the ascending dorsal spinocerebellar tract rather than the descending lateral vestibulospinal tract, which runs more ventromedially.
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A Case of Bilateral Horizontal Semicircular Canal Dysplasia with Normal Cochlea: Three Dimensional Volume Rendering Image Using MR CISS Sequence
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Jae Hwan Choi, Hak Jin Kim, Han Young Jung, Kwang Dong Choi
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Res Vestib Sci. 2011;10(1):38-41.
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Abstract
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- Congenital inner ear malformations are frequently found in patients with sensorineural hearing loss, but isolated vestibular anomalies with normal cochlear development have been rarely reported. We report a 20-year-old man with recurrent dizziness and disequlibrium without hearing impairment. Neuro-otological evaluations showed a left peripheral vestibulopathy with normal hearing function. Three dimensional volume rendering image using magnetic resonance constructive interference in steady state sequence demonstrated isolated vestibular anomalies involving bilateral horizontal semicircular canals. Isolated vestibular anomalies might not be as rare as previously thought among patients with recurrent dizziness, and should be carefully evaluated through various imaging techniques
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