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HOME > Res Vestib Sci > Volume 16(4); 2017 > Article
Case Report
 혈관압박에 의해 동시에 발생한 전정발작과 반얼굴연축
정일억, 권도영
Vestibular Paroxysmia and Hemifacial Spasm by Vascular Compression
Ileok Jung, Do-Young Kwon
Research in Vestibular Science 2017;16(4):171-173.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2017.16.4.171
Published online: December 15, 2017

Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea

Corresponding Author: Do-Young Kwon Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea Tel: +82-31-412-5150 Fax: +82-31-412-5154 E-mail: kwondoya@hanmail.net
• Received: September 4, 2017   • Revised: November 4, 2017   • Accepted: November 21, 2017

Copyright © 2017 by The Korean Balance Society. All rights reserved.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Vestibular paroxysmia or hemifacial spasm can occurs due to vascular compression upon each seventh or eighth nerve independently [1,2]. And those presentation may happen synchronously [3]. We report a case of the paroxysmal nystagmus accompanied by hemifacial spasm which are well visualized by three dimensional (3D) reconstruction images and 3D animation.
A 55-year-old woman was referred for recurrent attacks of spontaneous vertigo lasting several seconds. She reported no auditory symptoms including tinnitus. She had no medical history except hypertension. She felt dizziness 10 years ago. Dizziness deteriorated deeply and accompanied involuntary facial movement a year ago. Neurologic examination showed right beating, torsional nystagmus and hemifacial spasm on the left side, and these nystagmus and facial spasm occurred synchronously. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) was in contact with the roots of facial and vestibular nerves (Fig. 1A–C). Three dimensional reconstruction was acquired by axial, coronal and saggital images and they showed that the AICA surrounded the two nerves very closely (Fig. 1D) by forming an arterial loop (Suppl Video S1). The symptoms were resolved after treatment of carbamazepine 200 mg per day.
The images of this case presented the arterial compression of the roots of seventh and eighth cranial nerves. Especially, three dimensional reconstruction image and video would aid in understanding and recognizing the mechanism of vestibular paroxysmia accompanied by hemifacial spasm by visualizing the course of the artery and nerves. Anatomically, the course of a cranial nerve is divided into a peripheral and a central part. The area where the nerve is myelinated by Schwann cells is defined as root-entry-zone (REZ). The REZ is histologically myelinated by oligodendroglia. Within the REZ, the susceptibility for developing a neurovascular compressing syndrome seems to be highest [4]. To the best our knowledge, our case will be the first report of the vestibular paroxysmia using the 3-dimensional animation.

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Suppl Video S1.

The video demonstrated the 90 degree rotatory view of the structures around the 8th nerve entry zone and revealed that the anterior inferior cerebellar artery surro.
Supplemental data can be found at: (https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2017.16.4.171).
Fig. 1.
Brain magnetic resonance imaging and 3-dimensional reconstruction image of the patient. (A) The T2 axial image reveals the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) crosses the root of the seventh and eighth cranial nerves. (B) The T2 coronal images show the AICA comes out toward the seventh cranial nerve and (C) is in contact with the root of the cranial nerves. (D) The T2 saggital image demonstrates the cross section of the nerves and the AICA. (E) The three dimensional reconstruction image shows the AICA goes back and forward by looping around the seventh and eighth cranial nerves. CN, cranial nerve.
rvs-16-4-171f1.gif
  • 1. Hufner K, Barresi D, Glaser M, Linn J, Adrion C, Mansmann U, et al. Vestibular paroxysmia: diagnostic features and medical treatment. Neurology 2008;71:1006–14.ArticlePubMed
  • 2. Strupp M, von Stuckrad-Barre S, Brandt T, Tonn JC. Teaching neuroimages: Compression of the eighth cranial nerve causes vestibular paroxysmia. Neurology 2013;80:e77. ArticlePubMed
  • 3. Isu T, Ito T, Murai H, Yamamoto K. Paroxysmal tinnitus and nystagmus accompanied by facial spasm. Surg Neurol 1985;23:183–6.ArticlePubMed
  • 4. De Ridder D, Moller A, Verlooy J, Cornelissen M, De Ridder L. Is the root entry/exit zone important in microvascular compression syndromes? Neurosurgery 2002;51:427–33.ArticlePubMedPDF

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        Vestibular Paroxysmia and Hemifacial Spasm by Vascular Compression
        Res Vestib Sci. 2017;16(4):171-173.   Published online December 15, 2017
        DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2017.16.4.171
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      Vestibular Paroxysmia and Hemifacial Spasm by Vascular Compression
      Image
      Fig. 1. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and 3-dimensional reconstruction image of the patient. (A) The T2 axial image reveals the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) crosses the root of the seventh and eighth cranial nerves. (B) The T2 coronal images show the AICA comes out toward the seventh cranial nerve and (C) is in contact with the root of the cranial nerves. (D) The T2 saggital image demonstrates the cross section of the nerves and the AICA. (E) The three dimensional reconstruction image shows the AICA goes back and forward by looping around the seventh and eighth cranial nerves. CN, cranial nerve.

      Fig. 1.

      Vestibular Paroxysmia and Hemifacial Spasm by Vascular Compression
      Res Vestib Sci : Research in Vestibular Science
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