1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
2Armstrong Institute Center for Diagnostic Excellence, Baltimore, MD, USA
3Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
4Division of Biomedical Informatics & Data Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
5Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
6Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
7Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
© 2024 The Korean Balance Society
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Funding/Support
None.
Conflicts of Interest
David Newman-Toker, Jorge Otero-Millan, Max Parker, and Nathan Farrell have a provisional patent application regarding the use of smartphone in tracking eye and head position. David Newman-Toker, Ali Saber Tehrani, Jorge Otero-Millan, Hector Rieiro, Pouya Barahim Bastani, Max Parker, and Nathan Farrell have a provisional patent application regarding using the EyePhone for recording saccades and smooth pursuit.
Availability of Data and Materials
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. For other data, these may be requested through the corresponding author.
Authors' Contributions
Conceptualization: PBB, SB, DNT, AST; Investigation: PBB, SB, VP, HR, NF, MP, AST; Supervision: JOM, DNT, AST; Writing–Original Draft: All authors; Writing–Review & Editing: All authors.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Variable | Video-oculography goggles | Phone video-oculography |
---|---|---|
Hardware price | US $12,000–40,000 per device plus, a laptop for the software | No need to purchase a separate device as the application integrates recording and analysis |
Software | Additional costs for extra software features | A subscription plan for the application vs. pay-per-use |
Availability | Limited availability | Available to any physician/patient with a smartphone |
Operator | Trained technician needed for operation | User-friendly interface that any physician/patient can use |
Placement | Mounted on head | Held (or mounted) in front of the patient |
Illumination | Independent of room illumination | Requires face illumination for optimal performance |
Fixation | Fixation can be blocked | Cannot block fixation |
Potential errors | Risk of goggle slippage and erroneous recording | A part of the face or one eye might move out of the frame |
Results | Specialist needed for interpretation of results | Results can be simplified and reported for triage of patients |
Continued support | Complicated updating and troubleshooting | Easily updated like any other application on the smartphone |