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- Volume 2 (1); June 2003
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Original Article
- Cerebellar Control of Eye Movements
- Tae-Kyeong Lee
- J Korean Bal Soc. 2003;2(1):14-14.
- 1,501 View
- 8 Download
Symposiums
- Saccade, Smooth Pursuit and Optokinetic System
- Kim Jae-Il, M.D., Ph
- J Korean Bal Soc. 2003;2(1):17-25.
- 1,554 View
- 43 Download
- Recording method of eye movement
- Seung-Chul Lee, M.D.
- J Korean Bal Soc. 2003;2(1):50-52.
- 1,678 View
- 9 Download
- Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo - update
- Byung-Kun Kim
- J Korean Bal Soc. 2003;2(1):55-56.
- 1,769 View
- 6 Download
- Pseudo-labyrinthine syndrome of central vestibulopathy
- Hyung Lee, M.D.
- J Korean Bal Soc. 2003;2(1):57-60.
- 1,720 View
- 10 Download
- Vertigo in children
- Gyu Cheol Han, M.D.
- J Korean Bal Soc. 2003;2(1):61-66.
- 1,590 View
- 9 Download
- Aging Disequilibrium
- Chung Ku Rhee, M.D.
- J Korean Bal Soc. 2003;2(1):67-69.
- 1,498 View
- 11 Download
Original Articles
- Psychogenic Dizziness : The psychiatric diagnosis and vestibular function tests
- Chung Ku Rhee, Geun Hwan Park, Chang Hoon Lee, Sang Yong Chung, Phil Sang Jung
- J Korean Bal Soc. 2003;2(1):73-77.
- 2,146 View
- 30 Download
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Abstract
PDF - Background
and Objectives: Psychogenic dizziness has not been studied extensively in Korea while it is seen frequently. We investigated the prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis and the results of vestibular function testings in patients with the diagnosis of psychogenic dizziness at a Korean tertiary university hospital. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 38 patients with the diagnosis of psychogenic dizziness. They all received vestibular function testings (ENG, rotating chair test and posturography). Patients with central or vestibular organic disease were excluded from this study.
Results
Somatoform disorder was the most common psychiatric disorder causing psychogenic vertigo(47.4%) in this study. Anxiety disorder(21.1%) and depression(21.1%) were the next common causes. The vestibular function testings were abnormal in 19 patients(50.0%). The electronystagmography in 11, rotating chair test in 6, and posturography in 14 patients were abnormal.
Conclusions
Somatoform disorder was the most common psychiatric disorder and vestibular function tests were abnormal in 50% of psychogenic dizziness patients. It implies that the patients with psychogenic dizziness have functional abnormalities in vestibular system.
- Ionic mechanisms underlying spontaneous firing in isolated type B medial vestibular nucleus neurons
- Sang Woo Chun, Jeong Hee Choi, Kwon Soo Kim, Hyong Jae Lee, Seung Rok Kim, Moon Young Lee, Byung Rim Park
- J Korean Bal Soc. 2003;2(1):78-85.
- 1,457 View
- 11 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- Medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) neurons are found to have spontaneous electrical activity in the absence of any detectable synaptic input. To investigate the contributions of intrinsic mechanisms to the spontaneous activity of type B MVN neurons, we examined the effects of various channel blockers on spontaneous firing by means of patch clamp recordings. Coronal slice (400 ㎛) of the vestibular nucleus region was sequentially treated with pronase 0.2 ㎎/㎖ and thermolysin 0.2 ㎎/㎖, then single neurons were mechanically dissociated. MVN neurons recorded in neonatal rat were shown to have either a single deep afterhyperpolarization (AHP; type A cells), or an early fast and a delayed slow AHP (type B cells). In 300 nM TTX, spontaneous firing was blocked in type B cells tested. In 8 of 11 cells, underlying fluctuation or oscillations in membrane potential was not remained, and hyperpolarization did not produce rebound low-threshold calcium spikes. Although type B MVN neurons possessed hyperpolarization activated cation current (Ih), cesium had no effect on firing rates. The spike AHP is calcium dependent. When Ca2+ influx was blocked in external Ca2+ free solution, repetitive firing was abolished and the cell rested at depolarized embrane potentials. Application of apamin (300 nM) caused a profound reduction in the amplitude of the AHP and produced rhythmic burst firing. These findings suggest that the spontaneous activity of type B MVN neurons is regulated by interactions between the membrane depolarization mainly due to a ersistent sodium conductances and hyperpolarization due to the calcium-activated potassium conductances.
- Spatio-temporal Changes on c-Fos Protein Expression in the Brain Stem Nuclei following Arsanilate-induced Unilateral Labyrinthectomy in Rats
- Jae Hyo Kim, Chang Ig Choi, Moon Young Lee, Min Sun Kim, Byung Soo Soh, Eun Ho Park, Byung Rim Park
- J Korean Bal Soc. 2003;2(1):86-94.
- 1,597 View
- 8 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- Spatio-temporal changes on c-Fos protein expression were investigated in vestibular compensation following unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) induced by injection of arsanilate into the middle ear cavity, chemical labyrinthectomy, or surgical labyrinthectomy in medial vestibular nuclei (MVN), prepositus hypoglossal nuclei (PrH), and inferior olivary nuclei (ION) of Sprague-Dawley rats. Number of spontaneous nystagmus in surgical labyrinthectomy group was 28.2±1.2 beats/10 sec at post-op 2 hs and the nystagmus disappeared 76 hs after UL. In chemical labyrinthectomy group, spontaneous nystagmus occurred 6 hs after UL and increased up to maximum at 12 hs and disappeared 96 hs. Head deviation in surgical labyrinthectomy group reached a peak at post-op 2 hs and recovered to control level at 144 hs, but chemical labyrinthectomy produced head deviation 24 hs after UL and increased degree of the deviation over time till 144 hs. Expression of c-Fos protein in surgical labyrinthectomy group at post-op 2 hs was 81±19.4 cells in ipsilateral MVN to the lesion side and 212±60 cells in contralateral MVN, which showed severe asymmetry between bilateral MVN, and decrease of c-Fos protein expression was more in contralateral MVN than in ipsilateral MVN at 6 hs. Chemical labyrinthectomy expressed more c-Fos protein in contralateral MVN 6 hs after UL and in ipsilateral MVN 12 hs after UL, which showed asymmetry of c-Fos protein expression between bilateral MVN. And the expression in ipsilateral MVN of chemical labyrinthectomy group was increased gradually 48 hs after UL and reached a peak at 72 hs. In chemical labyrinthectomy group, expression of c-Fos protein in PrH was increased more in ipsilateral than in contralateral 6 hs after UL and more in contralateral 12 hs after UL, and ION showed more expression of c-Fos protein in contralateral than in ipsilateral 6 hs after UL through 72 hs. These results suggest that the course of vestibular compensation and the temporal expression of c-Fos protein in the brain stem nuclei following UL differed between surgical and chemical labyrinthectomy.
- Acute hearing symptoms as a prodrome of anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction
- Hyung Lee, Yong Won Cho, Sung Il Sohn
- J Korean Bal Soc. 2003;2(1):95-102.
- 1,698 View
- 9 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
An acute auditory symptom (AAS) without any other neurological symptoms or signs suggests a lesion in the peripheral auditory system. Blood supply to the peripheral auditory system arises from the internal auditory artery, ordinarily a branch of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), therefore a partial ischemia in the AICA distribution may manifest with an AAS and/or vertigo. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinico-radiologic features of patients who presented with an AAS as a prodromal symptom of the AICA infarction.
Methods
Sixteen consecutive cases of the AICA infarction diagnosed by brain MRI completed a standardized audiovestibular questionnaire and underwent a neurotological evaluation by an experienced neurotologist.
Results
Five patients (31%) had an AAS as a prodrome of the AICA infarction 1-10 days prior to onset of other brainstem and/or cerebellar symptoms. Two types of AAS were found: recurrent transient hearing loss and/or tinnitus (n=3) or a single episode of prolonged hearing loss and/or tinnitus (n=2). The episodic symptoms were brief, lasting only minutes. The tinnitus preceding infarction was identical to the tinnitus experienced at the time of infarction. At the time of the infarction, all patients developed hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and an ipsilateral hemiataxia. The most common affected site was the middle cerebellar peduncle (n=5). Four of 5 patients had an incomplete hearing loss and all patients had an absence of vestibular function to caloric stimulation on affected side, respectively.
Conclusions
AAS may be a warning sign of an impending pontocerebellar infarction in the distribution of the AICA. The AAS preceding an AICA infarction may result from an ischemia of the inner ear or the vestibulocochlear nerve.
- Hearing Recovery in Patients of Sudden Hearing Loss with Vertigo ; Incheon
- Eun Jung Lee, Gyu Cheol Han, Kyu Sung Kim
- J Korean Bal Soc. 2003;2(1):103-106.
- 1,825 View
- 9 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- Background
and Objectives: In the past studies, it was reported that vertigo was accompanied by sudden deafness patients from 25% to 47% and it increased to 56% when electronystagmography was used. They also reported that when sudden deafness patients showed vertigo symptom. The initial hearing losses were severe and their prognoses were poor. But they divided the sudden deafness patients simply by whether vertigo existed, not considering the extent of hearing loss. So we compared the prognosis between the sudden deafness patients showing the same level of hearing loss. Materials and Method: We sampled 157 sudden deafness patients (Feb 1999 - Mar 2002). Of these, 17 patients with acute vertigo (group A) and 17 control patients without vertigo (group B) having the same level of mean air conduction as group A were selected.
Results
Group A showed frequent flat form of audiogram, poor response to treatment regardless of the age than group B.
Conclusion
In sudden deafness patients, objectively proven acute vertigo symptom is a prognostic factor of hearing recovery.
- Results of otolith reposition therapy in posterior semicircular canal BPPV
- Sung Hun Kim, Ju Hyoung Lee, Mi Ran Bae, Chang Woo Kim, Soo Young Lee, Won Sang Lee
- J Korean Bal Soc. 2003;2(1):107-112.
- 1,614 View
- 8 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- Background
and objectives: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) has been well controlled with otolith reposition therapy. Posterior canal is known as the most common site of BPPV. The purpose of this study was to study the therapeutic result of reposition therapy in posterior canal BPPV, to investigate the unusual cases such as recurred cases and type changed cases during the reposition maneuver, and to figure out the therapeutic strategy. Materials and methods: One hundred and ten patients diagnosed posterior canal BPPV were included in this study. Epley maneuver was performed once a day until nystagmus disappeared. We analyzed the number of treatment, changing type, recurrence and the relationship between recurrence and age or sex of patients.
Result
All cases except 2 were recovered by Epley maneuver. In 11 cases, the type of disease was changed, and the treatment of these cases were changed according to new type and origin. Overall recurrence rate was 15%, and they were completely treated with reposition therapy. There was no correlation between recurrence and age, sex of patients.
Conclusion
All most cases were cured with Epley maneuver. The type of the disease was possibly changeable. Recurrence rate was relative high, and close follow up was required.
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