Research in Vestibular Science

Case Report

A case of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia manifesting as sudden sensorineural hearing loss with vertigo: Young Jae Lee, Wonyong Baek, Gi-Sung Nam; Res Vestib Sci. 2024;23(1):32-36. Published online March 15, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2024.004

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Abstract PDF: Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is a rare vascular condition characterized by the elongation, widening, and tortuosity of the vertebrobasilar artery. It can lead to various symptoms due to compression of cranial nerves and brainstem structures. We report a rare case of VBD presenting as sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) with vertigo and spontaneous downbeat nystagmus in a 65-year-old woman with a history of hypertension. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tortuous and dilated right vertebrobasilar artery compressing the brainstem and left 8th cranial nerve root entry zone, without signs of acute cerebellar stroke. The compression of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and cervicomedullary junction was also noted, suggesting a vascular cause for her symptoms. Following high-dose steroid treatment, the patient showed significant hearing improvement. This case underscores the importance of considering VBD in patients with unexplained SSNHL and vertigo, highlighting the role of detailed vascular imaging in the diagnosis and management of such cases.

Original Articles

Comparison of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials between low and high tone idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: Sang-Wook Park, Sang Yun Lee, Somi Ryu, Jung Woo Lee, Chae Dong Yim, Dong Gu Hur, Seong-Ki Ahn; Res Vestib Sci. 2024;23(1):11-15. Published online March 15, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2024.001

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) have been reported to be useful in evaluating not only vestibular function but also the prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) patients. Even though low frequency, high frequency, and all frequency-involved ISSNHL groups tend to show varied clinical characteristics, there is a lack of data using VEMP results to analyze these subgroups. We investigated if the VEMP test is a valuable tool to predict recovery from hearing loss in association with different frequencies.
Methods
A total of 26 ISSNHL patients were divided into three different groups impaired with low tone (ascending type), high tone (descending type), and all tones (flat type) based on the initial audiograms. Each group included five, 10, and 11 patents, respectively, and their VEMP results were compared between the three subgroups.
Results
Abnormal VEMP results were found in five of the total 26 ISSNHL patients (19.2%). Two (40.0%), one (10.0%), and two (18.1%) patients of low tone, high tone, and all tone hearing loss groups, respectively, showed abnormal VEMP results. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups.
Conclusions
Even though VEMP is known as a valuable tool for predicting the prognosis of ISSNHL patients, it does not seem to reflect frequency-sensitive aspects of ISSNHL.

Clinical Characteristics of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Accompanying Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Sung Min Park, Bin Kwon, Sung Won Li, Seok Min Hong, Sung Kyun Kim; Res Vestib Sci. 2020;19(2):71-78. Published online June 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2020.19.2.71

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Idiopathic unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) with simultaneous benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV) is known to be associated with poor hearing recovery. We aimed to investigate clinical findings in patients with SSNHL with BPPV and analyze prognostic factors including presence of BPPV related to hearing outcome.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical data of 14 patients with concurrent SSNHL and BPPV (combined group). We selected 52 patients without BPPV as a control group who have matched initial threshold of pure tone audiometry and age of each patient in the combined group. We evaluated clinical characteristics of all participants and compared hearing outcomes between the 2 groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors related to hearing recovery.
Results
Initial mean pure tone audiometry (PTA) threshold of combined group was 90.36±26.2 dB. Posterior canal was most commonly involved (n=7, 50%), and 8 (57%) patients showed abnormal video head impulse test results. There was no significant difference between hearing recovery rates of combined and control group (p=0.237) and mean pure tone audiometry threshold changes were not significantly different between the 2 groups (p=0.942). Old age (≥60 years), high initial PTA threshold (＞90 dB), and obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m²) were poor prognostic predictors.
Conclusions
There was no difference between hearing outcomes of combined group and profound SSNHL only group. BPPV was not a significant prognostic factor of SSNHL patients.

Citations

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Which Is More Important for the Prognosis of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss with Vertigo, Canal Paresis or Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo?
Yong-Hwi An, Hyun Joon Shim
Research in Vestibular Science.2021; 20(3): 101. CrossRef

Comparison of Predictive Parameters between the Video Head Impulse Test and Caloric Test: Chun Han, Seung Won Paik, Hui Joon Yang, Sang Yoo Park, Ji Hyeon Lee, Young Joon Seo; Res Vestib Sci. 2020;19(2):55-61. Published online June 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2020.19.2.55

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The aim of this paper was to determine if a correlation exists between video head impulse test (vHIT) and electronystagmography with caloric test (ENG). More specifically, comparison of covert and overt value from vHIT test with cold and warm stimulation value from ENG test.
Methods
Retrospective study of our single institue from the period of January 2015 to January 2017 enrolled 91 patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups by their diagnosis of either vestibular neuritis (VN), Meniere disease, or sudden sensorineural loss with vertigo accordingly. Each of the patients’ both ENG and vHIT data were recorded and parameters were evaluated.
Results
VN group was the only group to show a significant correlation between canal paresis (CP) with covert and overt saccades. Further analysis was done in the VN group and result showed covert saccade showing a larger area under the receiver operation characteristic curve value (0.77) compared to overt saccades (0.70), implying that covert saccade is a more accurate parameter for the prediction of the CP value. Furthermore, a positive correlation was seen between the gain value and the cold caloric stimulation value as well as between warm caloric stimulation value.
Conclusions
The value of our study lies in the fact that we have attempted to find a correlation between different parameters of 2 different vestibular tests. We concluded that the evaluation of overt nystagmus by the bedside head thrust test is inappropriate for predicting CP, and a vHIT is required to accurately evaluate vestibular function.

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A Comparative Analysis of the Vestibulocochlear Function in Patients with Isolated Semicircular Canal Hypofunction Using a Video Head Impulse Test
Yu Jung Park, Min Young Lee, Ji Eun Choi, Jae Yun Jung, Jung Hwa Bahng
Research in Vestibular Science.2023; 22(2): 34. CrossRef

Does 125-Hz Pure-Tone Thresholds Have Prognostic Value in Patients with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Vertigo?: Yong-Hwi An, Hyun Joon Shim; Res Vestib Sci. 2020;19(1):6-11. Published online March 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2020.19.1.6

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
To analyze 125-Hz pure-tone thresholds in dizzy patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and to investigate the relationship between 125-Hz thresholds and the prognosis of SSNHL with vertigo.
Methods
Hearing and vestibular function tests including 125-Hz pure-tone were performed in 132 patients with SSNHL and 65 subjects with normal hearing. Audiometric follow-up was performed at 6 months after initial visit. Intergroup and intragroup comparison of 125 Hz was made between SSNHL and control groups.
Results
Twenty-four patients (18.2%) had normal thresholds at 125 Hz in SSNHL group, whereas all subjects showed normal at 125 Hz in control group. None with average hearing threshold at 250 and 500 Hz≥30 dB had normal threshold at 125 Hz. There was no significant relationship between 125-Hz threshold and results of vestibular function test. There was no correlation between 125-Hz threshold and hearing recovery in SSNHL group.
Conclusions
There might be no need to assess 125-Hz pure-tone threshold in patients with SSNHL, because it is enough to evaluate thresholds of 250 and 500 Hz for low frequency.

Comparison of Treatment Outcomes between Intratympanic Steroid Injection and Oral Diuretics in Patients with Acute Low Frequency Sensorineural Hearing Loss with Vertigo: Yong-Hwi An, Hyun Joon Shim; Res Vestib Sci. 2019;18(4):111-117. Published online December 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2019.18.4.111

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss and Meniere disease can be managed with intratympanic steroid injection (ITSI) as a primary treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of ITSI versus oral diuretics for acute low frequency sensorineural hearing loss (LFHL) with vertigo.
Methods
A total 76 patients with LFHL that had developed within previous 2 weeks were enrolled and categorized into 2 groups: treated with ITSI four times on 4 consecutive days (ITSI group; 42 patients) and treated with diuretics orally for 2 weeks (diuretics group; 34 patients). After 6 months, we analyzed treatment outcomes using subjective improvement and audiometric change.
Results
Hearing thresholds at low frequencies ≤500 Hz were significantly improved in both ITSI and diuretics group (p＜0.05). The cure rate of ITSI group was not significantly higher than that of diuretics group (54.8% vs. 52.9%, p＞0.05). For subjective symptoms, there were no significant differences of improvement rate in both groups (ITSI 64.3% vs. diuretics 61.8%, p＞0.05). In pure tone audiometry, the improvement rate of ITSI group was not significantly different from that of diuretics group (78.6% vs. 70.6%, p＞0.05). There was a significant correlation between the cure rate and duration of symptoms.
Conclusions
Both ITSI and diuretics are effective treatment modalities for acute LFHL with vertigo within 2 weeks of development. There is no difference of treatment outcomes between ITSI and diuretics in patients with acute LFHL and vertigo.

The Value of Posterior Semicircular Canal Function in Predicting Hearing Recovery of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Jung-Woo Shin, Sang Woo Kim, Youn Woo Kim, Wook Jang, Bo He Kim, Yun-Sung Lim, Seok-Won Park, Chang Gun Cho, Joo Hyun Park; Res Vestib Sci. 2019;18(4):103-110. Published online December 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2019.18.4.103

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Postulated etiologies for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) include viral cochleitis, microvascular events. If SSNHL is caused by vascular compromise of common cochlear artery that supplies cochlea and posterior semicircular canal (PC), PC also can be damaged with cochlea. We aim to evaluate the prognostic value of PC function in relation to hearing recovery of SSNHL.
Methods
Seventy-six patients who were diagnosed and treated for SSNHL and who underwent video head impulse test (vHIT) and follow-ups for more than 3 months were reviewed retrospectively. We defined impairment of PC function as lower PC gain (＜0.7) or definite overt/covert saccade in vHIT. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1, SSNHL without dizziness; group 2, SSNHL with dizziness and impaired PC function; group 3, SSNHL with dizziness, but intact PC function. Hearing thresholds were repeatedly measured on the initial visit, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment. Treatment outcome was analyzed by comparing hearing recovery rate using Siegel’s criteria and posttreatment audiometric changes among 3 groups.
Results
Thirty-two (29.6%), 33 (30.6%), and 43 patients (39.8%) were included into the groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The hearing recovery rate of the group 2 (39.4%) was significantly lower than that of groups 1 (65.6%) and 3 (65.1%) (p=0.043). Pre- and posttreatment changes of the PTA threshold was significantly lower in group 2 than group 1 (p=0.009). The change of speech discrimination in each group were not different.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the presence of PC impairment may be a poor prognostic sign for hearing recovery in patients with SSNHL.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Artificial Neural Network-Assisted Classification of Hearing Prognosis of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss With Vertigo
Sheng-Chiao Lin, Ming-Yee Lin, Bor-Hwang Kang, Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Yu-Hsi Liu, Chi-Yuan Yin, Po-Shing Lin, Che-Wei Lin
IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Healt.2023; 11: 170. CrossRef
Vestibular mapping in Ramsay-Hunt syndrome and idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Joon-Pyo Hong, Jung-Yup Lee, Min-Beom Kim
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.2023; 280(12): 5251. CrossRef
A Comparative Analysis of the Vestibulocochlear Function in Patients with Isolated Semicircular Canal Hypofunction Using a Video Head Impulse Test
Yu Jung Park, Min Young Lee, Ji Eun Choi, Jae Yun Jung, Jung Hwa Bahng
Research in Vestibular Science.2023; 22(2): 34. CrossRef
Video head impulse test for the assessment of vestibular function in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss without vertigo
N Battat, O J Ungar, O Handzel, R Abu Eta, Y Oron
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology.2023; 137(12): 1374. CrossRef
Vestibular mapping assessment in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Hee Won Seo, Jae Ho Chung, Hayoung Byun, Seung Hwan Lee
Ear & Hearing.2022; 43(1): 242. CrossRef
Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Hwa-Sung Rim, Myung-Gu Kim, Dong-Choon Park, Sung-Soo Kim, Dae-Woong Kang, Sang-Hoon Kim, Seung-Geun Yeo
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(21): 4866. CrossRef

Incidence of Progression into Ménière Disease from Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Midterm Follow-up Study: Byeong Min Lee, Jin Hyun Seo, Hyun Woo Park, Hyun Jin Lee, Dong Gu Hur, Seong Ki Ahn; Res Vestib Sci. 2018;17(3):95-101. Published online September 18, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2018.17.3.95

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
Ménière disease is a clinical syndrome characterized by the four major symptoms of episodic vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. Sensorineural hearing loss, especially low frequency, is the characteristic type of audiogram in Ménière's disease. However, it is difficult to distinguish idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) with vertigo from the first attack of Ménière disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of progression into Ménière Disease from low frequency ISSNHL.
Methods
Two hundred eighty-three patients were included in this study. We classified the patients with ISSNHL according to the hearing loss in audiogram and analyzed how many of them actually progressed to Ménière disease based on diagnosis criteria.
Results
Among the 240 patients, 37.1% (89 patients) were confirmed low frequency ISSNHL and 14.6% (13 patients) of them were diagnosed with Meniere disease.
Conclusions
This study showed that the progression from low frequency ISSNHL to Ménière disease was higher than other frequency ISSNHL, as in other studies.

Vestibular Function and Prognosis of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss with Vertigo: Se A Lee, Hyo Jun Kim, Bo Gyung Kim, Jong Dae Lee; Res Vestib Sci. 2018;17(3):90-94. Published online September 18, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2018.17.3.90

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
Vertigo combined with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is known as a poor prognostic factor. We investigated clinical findings and vestibular function tests in patients of SSNHL with vertigo to find the prognostic factors.
Methods
We retrospectively evaluated data on the patients diagnosed with SSNHL with vertigo at Bucheon Soonchunhyang University Hospital from March 2009 to February 2018. We reviewed medical records and the results of vestibular function tests and audiometry.
Results
Of the 68 patients, 30 (44.1%) showed profound hearing loss and 53 (77.9%) showed poor recovery. Age and the degree of initial hearing loss showed negative prognostic factor in hearing recovery. Abnormal results of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) also showed significantly differences between good and poor recovery groups.
Conclusions
In this study, most of the patients of SSNHL with vertigo showed poor recovery. Age, degree of initial hearing loss, and the abnormal result of the cVEMP have a negative effect on the prognosis of hearing recovery.

Prognosis of Sudden Low Frequency Hearing Loss during Long-term Follow-up: Ji Hyung Kim, Sang Hyun Kwak, Seong Hoon Bae, Sung Hunh Kim, Gi-Sung Nam; Res Vestib Sci. 2018;17(3):102-108. Published online September 18, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2018.17.3.102

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The prognosis of sudden low frequency hearing loss (SLFHL) is relatively good, but recurrences of hearing loss and possible progression to Meniere’s disease is still a clinically important concern. This study was conducted to confirm the rate at which SLFHL proceeds to Meniere’s disease.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 160 SLFHL patients who were followed up for more than 6 months from September 2005 to August 2013. Progression, initial hearing level, recovery and recurrence of hearing loss were reviewed.
Results
106 patients (66.25%) had complete hearing recovery, 32 (20%) had recurrent hearing loss. Of the 32 recurrent group, 15 (9.38%) had progressed to Meniere’s disease after average of 1.7±1.4 years. The mean age of nonrecurrent group was higher than recurrent group (55.3±14.6 and 48.0±13.4, respectively, p=0.011). The threshold of 250Hz was significantly higher in the nonrecurrent group compared with recurrent group (p=0.047).
Conclusions
In patients with SLFHL, recurrence at relatively young age should be considered with the possibility of progression to Meniere’s disease.

Citations

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Findings of Intravenous Gadolinium Inner Ear Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Acute Low-Tone Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Hee Won Seo, Yikyung Kim, Hyung-Jin Kim, Won-Ho Chung, Young Sang Cho
Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology.2023; 16(4): 334. CrossRef

Case Reports

Superficial Siderosis with Peripheral Dizziness: Report of 2 Cases: Tae-Hoon Kim, Jin-Hyuk Huh, Moon-Suh Park, Jae-Yong Byun; Res Vestib Sci. 2018;17(2):60-66. Published online June 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2018.17.2.60

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Abstract PDF

Superficial siderosis (SS) of the central nervous system is a rare disease, which is caused by the accumulation of iron from the hemoglobin in the superficial layer of the brain, spinal cord, and central parts of cranial nerves. The etiology of SS is the accumulation of hemosiderin in the subarachnoid space due to chronic or repeated hemorrhage resulting in progressive and irreversible neurological dysfunction. The cause of the disease is aneurysm, trauma, tumor, and vascular malformation. In most cases, the cause of bleeding is unknown. Clinical features include sensorineural hearing loss, cerebellar ataxia, and myelopathy. Until now, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has only been diagnosed and there is no standardized treatment. We will investigate clinical features and MRI findings of SS disease in the central nervous system using 2 patient cases.

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A Case of Patient with Bilateral Cochleovestibular Function Loss due to Infratentorial Superficial Siderosis
Gyuman Lee, Youngmin Mun, Dae Bo Shim
Research in Vestibular Science.2023; 22(3): 83. CrossRef

Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease Mimicking Bilateral Ménièreʼs Disease: A Case Report: Hong-Ju Kim, Yoon-Gi Choi, Hyun Ji Kim, Kyu-Sung Kim; Res Vestib Sci. 2018;17(1):28-34. Published online March 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2018.17.1.28

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Abstract PDF

Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is a rare disease, accounting for <1% of all cases of hearing impairment or dizziness. It is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) or vestibular dysfunction that results from an immunemediated process. Clinical features of AIED is SNHL that progresses over weeks to month with fluctuating hearing symptoms. Because there are no diagnostic laboratory and clinical feature, response to immunosuppressive therapy were important for diagnosis of AIED. Many diseases such as sudden SNHL and Meniere disease may also mimic AIED, a broad differential must be maintained in patients suspected of having AIED. We report a case of a 46-year-old female who presented with sudden hearing loss and vertigo. We could diagnose her as AIED with systemic lupus erythematous. The symptoms were improved treated with steroids.

Citations

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Sensorineural Hearing Loss of Suspected Autoimmune Etiology: Two Cases of Cogan’s Syndrome
Jungmin Ahn, Brian Kim, Kyoung Rai Cho, Young-Soo Chang
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Nec.2021; 64(12): 943. CrossRef
A Case of Autoimmune Sensorineural Hearing Loss Responding to Cytotoxic Agent
Yong Woo Lee, Jin Lee, Min-Beom Kim, Sun O Chang
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Nec.2019; 62(8): 470. CrossRef

Original Article

Significance of 125 Hz Pure-Tone Thresholds for Dizzy Patients with Low Frequency Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Yong-Hwi An, Hyun Joon Shim; Res Vestib Sci. 2017;16(4):108-112. Published online December 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2017.16.4.108

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
To measure 125 Hz pure-tone thresholds in patients with low frequency sensorineural hearing loss (LFHL) and vertigo and to evaluate the necessity of 125 Hz thresholds for assessment of LFHL with vertigo. Methods: Pure tone audiometry including 125 Hz was performed in 25 dizzy patients with LFHL ≤500 Hz and 25 age-matched subjects with normal hearing. Patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo were excluded. Comparison of 125 Hz between LFHL and control groups, and comparison of 125 Hz and other frequencies in LFHL group was made. Results: Mean pure-tone thresholds at 125 Hz in LFHL group (41.7±7.5 dB) was higher than that in normal controls (12.8±6.4 dB). Three (12%) patients had normal thresholds at 125 Hz in LFHL group, whereas all subjects showed normal at 125 Hz in control group. None with average hearing thresholds at 250 and 500 Hz ≥35 dB had normal threshold at 125 Hz. There was a significant correlation between 125 Hz and other low frequencies in LFHL group (250 Hz; r=0.79, 500 Hz; r=0.66). Conclusions: Not every patient of LFHL with vertigo has abnormal hearing threshold at 125 Hz, although all subjects with normal hearing is within normal limits at 125 Hz. Measurement of 125 Hz pure-tone threshold is highly recommended when a mild LFHL exists.

Case Report

A Case of Labyrinthitis Ossificans Presenting as an Intractable Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Dong Hyun Kim, Jae Moon Sung, Hwi Kyeong Jung, Chang Woo Kim; Res Vestib Sci. 2017;16(3):92-96. Published online September 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2017.16.3.92

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Abstract PDF: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common peripheral vestibular disorder. It is easily cured with canal repositioning maneuvers, but some patients are resistant to the repositioning maneuver and require surgical intervention. Labyrinthitis ossificans is the pathologic condition that fibrous tissue and new bone occupy the membranous labyrinthine space. It occurs as a sequela of inner ear inflammation resulting from diverse causes, mostly bacterial meningitis and otitis media. We describe here a 42-year-old female patient with refractory posterior semicircular canal (PSCC) BPPV and adhesive otitis media in same ear. Otoscopic examination revealed adhesive tympanic membrane without middle ear space and temporal bone computed tomography showed complete ossification of the labyrinth at the same side. We performed a canal wall down mastoidectomy and PSCC occlusion. The patient had complete resolution of paroxysmal vertigo and positional nystagmus, postoperatively.

Original Article

Intratympanic Steroid Treatment versus Intratympanic Steroid and Diuretics Combination Treatment in Patients with Acute Low Frequency Sensorineural Hearing Loss with Vertigo: Hyeon Sik Oh, Hyun Joon Shim, Yong-Hwi An; Res Vestib Sci. 2017;16(3):85-91. Published online September 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2017.16.3.85

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
Intratympanic dexamethasone (ITD) is a standard treatment for patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ITD vs. combination of ITD and diuretics for acute low frequency sensorineural hearing loss (LFHL) with vertigo. Methods: A total 31 patients with LFHL that had developed within previous 2 weeks were enrolled and categorized into two groups: treated with ITD four times on 4 consecutive days (ITD group; 17 patients) and treated with ITD in the same way and diuretics orally for 2 weeks (combination group; 14 patients). After 6 months, we analyzed treatment outcomes using subjective improvement and audiometric change. Results: Hearing thresholds at low frequencies ≤500 Hz were significantly improved in both ITD only and combination group (p＜0.05). The cure rate of combination group was not significantly higher than that of ITD only group (57.1% vs. 52.9%, p＞0.05). For subjective symptoms, there were no significant differences of improvement rate in both groups (combination 64.3% vs. ITD only 64.7%, p＞0.05). In pure tone audiometry, the improvement rate of combination group was not significantly different from that of ITD only group (71.4% vs. 76.5%, p＞0.05). There was a significant correlation between the complete recovery rate and duration of symptoms. Conclusion: ITD alone is an effective treatment modality for acute LFHL with vertigo within 2 weeks of development. Combined ITD and diuretics have no additive effect for the recovery of hearing in patients with LFHL.

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