Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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Reference | Definitions of polypharmacy |
---|---|
Veehof et al. [20] | A long-term (240 days a year) simultaneous use of ≥2 drugs. They classified polypharmacy as minor (2–3 drugs), moderate (4–5 drugs), and major (>5 drugs) |
Brager and Sloand [17] | The use of ≥2 drugs to treat the same condition or the use of ≥2 drugs of the same chemical class; or the use of ≥2 agents with the same or similar pharmacologic actions to treat different conditions |
Ziere et al. [18] | Use of ≥4 drugs with at ≥1 appropriate of fall-risk-increasing medications |
Slabaugh et al. [16] | Simultaneous use of ≥5 drugs occurring for ≥1 day |
Hovstadius et al. [19] | The use of multiple drugs with ≥5 drugs was termed as polypharmacy, whereas the use of ≥10 drugs was termed as excessive polypharmacy occurring within a period of 3 months. |
Drug class | Examples |
---|---|
Antihypertensives | |
ACE inhibitors | Captopril,lisinopril, enalapril, perindopril, Ramipri |
β-blockers | Propronolol, atenolol, metoprolol |
Diruretics | Furosemide, spironolactone, amiloride |
Calcium channel blockers | Nipedipine, amlodipine, felodipine |
Type Ia antiarrhythmics | Quinidine, procainamide |
Benzodiazepines | |
Short acting | Lorazepam, alprazolam |
Long acting | Diazepam, clonazepam |
Antidepressants | SSRIs (fluoxetine, citalopram, Paroxetine) TCAs (imipramine, desipramine) |
Antiepileptics | Acetazolamide, carbamazepine, gabapentin |
Antiparkinsonians | Lovedopa, bromocriptine, pergolide, cabergoline |
Anticoagulants | |
Narcotics/Opioids | Fentanyl, oxydodone, hydrocodone, morphine |
Antihistamine |
Reference | Definitions of polypharmacy |
---|---|
Veehof et al. [20] | A long-term (240 days a year) simultaneous use of ≥2 drugs. They classified polypharmacy as minor (2–3 drugs), moderate (4–5 drugs), and major (>5 drugs) |
Brager and Sloand [17] | The use of ≥2 drugs to treat the same condition or the use of ≥2 drugs of the same chemical class; or the use of ≥2 agents with the same or similar pharmacologic actions to treat different conditions |
Ziere et al. [18] | Use of ≥4 drugs with at ≥1 appropriate of fall-risk-increasing medications |
Slabaugh et al. [16] | Simultaneous use of ≥5 drugs occurring for ≥1 day |
Hovstadius et al. [19] | The use of multiple drugs with ≥5 drugs was termed as polypharmacy, whereas the use of ≥10 drugs was termed as excessive polypharmacy occurring within a period of 3 months. |
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; TCAs, tricyclic antidepressants.