Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2017 by The Korean Balance Society. All rights reserved.
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| Ion channels, transporters, and exchangers | Distribution and location | References |
|---|---|---|
| Na+ absorption | ||
| Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) | Apical surfaces of Reissner’s membrane, semicircular canal duct epithelium, saccular roof extra-sensory epithelium, and endolymphatic sac epithelium | [9–12] |
| Amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel | Apical surfaces of endolymphatic sac epithelium | [7] |
| Stretch-activated ion channel | Apical surface of Reissner’s membrane | [14] |
| Na+/H+ exchanger | Apical or basolateral surface of endolymphatic sac epithelium | [13] |
| P2X receptor | Apical surfaces of cochlear outer sulcus cell, vestibular ampullary transitional cell, and cochlear and utricular supporting cell | [15–18] |
| Ca+ sensitive non-selective cation channel | Apical surface of endolymphatic sac epithelium | [8] |
| Na+-K+–2Cl– cotransporter | Basolateral surfaces of strial margical cell and basal cell, vestibular dark cell, and endolymphatic sac epithelium | [3], [18] |
| Na+ secretion | ||
| Na+/K+–ATPase | Basolateral surfaces of Reissner’s membrane, semicircular canal duct epithelium, saccular roof extra-sensory epithelium, strial marginal cell, vestibular dark cell, and endolymphatic sac epithelium | [3], [18] |
| Ion channels, transporters, and exchangers | Distribution and location | References |
|---|---|---|
| Cl– secretion | ||
| CLC–2, SLC26A7 | Basolateral surface of Reissner’s membrane | [22], [23] |
| CLC-K | Basolateral surface of strial marginal cells | [21] |
| c-AM P-dependent Cl– Channel | Apical surface of semicircular duct epithelium | [24], [26] |
| Non-c-AMP-dependent Cl– Channel or anion exchanger | Apical or basolateral surface of endolymphatic sac epithelium | [31] |
| TMEM16A | Basolateral surface of cochlear supporting cell | [16] |
| Na+–K+-2Cl– cotransporter | Basolateral surfaces of strial margicnal cell, vestibular dark cell, and endolymphatic sac epithelium | [18] |
| Cl– absorption | ||
| SLC26A4 | Apical surfaces of spiral prominence epithelium, spiral root cell, vestibular dark cell, and endolymphatic sac epithelium | [25] |
| Ion channels, transporters, and exchangers | Distribution and location | References |
|---|---|---|
| Na+ absorption | ||
| Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) | Apical surfaces of Reissner’s membrane, semicircular canal duct epithelium, saccular roof extra-sensory epithelium, and endolymphatic sac epithelium | [9–12] |
| Amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel | Apical surfaces of endolymphatic sac epithelium | [7] |
| Stretch-activated ion channel | Apical surface of Reissner’s membrane | [14] |
| Na+/H+ exchanger | Apical or basolateral surface of endolymphatic sac epithelium | [13] |
| P2X receptor | Apical surfaces of cochlear outer sulcus cell, vestibular ampullary transitional cell, and cochlear and utricular supporting cell | [15–18] |
| Ca+ sensitive non-selective cation channel | Apical surface of endolymphatic sac epithelium | [8] |
| Na+-K+–2Cl– cotransporter | Basolateral surfaces of strial margical cell and basal cell, vestibular dark cell, and endolymphatic sac epithelium | [3], [18] |
| Na+ secretion | ||
| Na+/K+–ATPase | Basolateral surfaces of Reissner’s membrane, semicircular canal duct epithelium, saccular roof extra-sensory epithelium, strial marginal cell, vestibular dark cell, and endolymphatic sac epithelium | [3], [18] |
| Ion channels, transporters, and exchangers | Distribution and location | References |
|---|---|---|
| Cl– secretion | ||
| CLC–2, SLC26A7 | Basolateral surface of Reissner’s membrane | [22], [23] |
| CLC-K | Basolateral surface of strial marginal cells | [21] |
| c-AM P-dependent Cl– Channel | Apical surface of semicircular duct epithelium | [24], [26] |
| Non-c-AMP-dependent Cl– Channel or anion exchanger | Apical or basolateral surface of endolymphatic sac epithelium | [31] |
| TMEM16A | Basolateral surface of cochlear supporting cell | [16] |
| Na+–K+-2Cl– cotransporter | Basolateral surfaces of strial margicnal cell, vestibular dark cell, and endolymphatic sac epithelium | [18] |
| Cl– absorption | ||
| SLC26A4 | Apical surfaces of spiral prominence epithelium, spiral root cell, vestibular dark cell, and endolymphatic sac epithelium | [25] |